QUANTISATION FIDELITY
12-Bit (4,096 Levels)
+24.08 dB SQNR over 8-Bit OTDRs
CLOSED-LOOP HEALING
41.8 ms Total Loop
98.4% F1 Accuracy • 1.5 cm RMSE
BROWNFIELD CAPACITY
1 Gbps → 40 Gbps
Zero Civil Re-Trenching (ITU-T G.652)
RELEASE TIMELINE
Jan–Apr 2025 / 2029
Stage 1 Code (2025) • AI Weights (2029)
MONOGRAPH I • IEEE/OPTICA JOCN & IEEE TNSM (MARCH 2025)
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CATEGORIES: cs.NI / eess.SP / physics.optics
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98.4% F1 Accuracy • 1.5 cm Spatial RMSE • 41.8 ms Healing Loop
Sub-50ms Autonomous Physical-Layer Remediation and Millimeter-Scale Fault Localization in Optical Networks Using Hybrid 1D-CNN/Transformer Models on 12-Bit Telemetry
Eng. Saleem Asseel (Lead Scientific Advisor & Systems Architect), Batoul Zien Alabdin (Chief Executive Officer), and Ahmad Jalal Assil (Chief Operating Officer & Co-Founder) • CableHunt Networks Limited (Mayfair, London & Birmingham Optical R&D Testbed, United Kingdom)
Abstract: Passive optical networks (PONs) and dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) metro trunks suffer from both abrupt hard failures and progressive soft physical-layer degradations, including fibre macrobending, fusion splice decay, connector contamination, and laser transmitter ageing. Conventional network management systems rely on coarse 8-bit optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) or delayed digital diagnostic monitoring (DDM) polling, which only trigger reactive alarms after link loss-of-signal (RX_LOS) occurs. This monograph presents an end-to-end, closed-loop physical-layer telemetry and autonomous remediation architecture developed at the CableHunt Birmingham Testbed, combining 12-bit native ADC sampling (4,096 quantisation levels at 1.25 GSa/s) with a hybrid 1D-CNN and Time-Series Transformer (TST) encoder to classify physical fault root causes with 98.4% accuracy, localise reflection events to 0.015 m (1.5 cm) RMSE, and execute autonomous Netmiko/SSH switch protection switching within 41.8 ms.
01. CORE SCIENTIFIC THESIS
Transforms optical fibre maintenance from passive human observation into an autonomous, self-healing feedback loop. By pairing a 12-bit native reflectometer with a hybrid 1D Convolutional Neural Network and Time-Series Transformer (1D-CNN/TST), the system detects incipient physical fibre faults and directly reprograms L2/L3 switches (Cisco IOS, MikroTik RouterOS, Arista EOS) via Netmiko/SSH before the link drops.
02. SCIENTIFIC & ENGINEERING UNIQUENESS
Conventional tools either poll slow I2C scalars without spatial location or run offline 8-bit OTDR scans taking seconds. This monograph introduces the physics-informed Optical Sag Ratio (Sopt) alongside synchronous 4-channel capture (analog InGaAs envelope + I2C SCL/SDA + hardware RX_LOS), reducing spatial localisation error by 95.3% (0.015 m vs. 0.320 m) and healing links in 41.8 ms—well below the 50 ms ITU-T G.8032 carrier protection threshold.
03. ENTERPRISE & CONSUMER VALUE
Zero unexpected internet or enterprise blackouts and 78% lower maintenance OpEx. Data centres, financial institutions, and broadband consumers enjoy uninterrupted connectivity because physical cable stress, moisture ingress, or laser thermal fatigue is neutralised automatically in milliseconds—without waiting hours or days for field repair vans.
▸ View BibTeX Citation Record for Monograph I
@article{Asseel2025AutonomousRemediation,
author = {Asseel, Saleem and Zien Alabdin, Batoul and Assil, Ahmad Jalal},
title = {Sub-50ms Autonomous Physical-Layer Remediation and Millimeter-Scale Fault Localization in Optical Networks Using Hybrid 1D-CNN/Transformer Models on 12-Bit Telemetry},
journal = {IEEE/Optica Journal of Optical Communications and Networking (JOCN) / CableHunt Research Monographs},
year = {2025},
month = {mar},
url = {https://cablehunt.co.uk/papers/Paper1_IEEE_JOCN_TNSM_AI_Remediation.pdf}
}
MONOGRAPH II • IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT (TIM — FEBRUARY 2025)
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CATEGORIES: eess.SP / physics.ins-det
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+24.08 dB SQNR • 0.75 m Event Dead Zone • 85% Hardware Cost Reduction
Design and Experimental Characterization of a 12-Bit Native ADC Four-Channel Synchronous Optical Reflectometer with Floating-Ground InGaAs PIN-TIA Front-End
Eng. Saleem Asseel (Lead Scientific Advisor & Systems Architect), Ahmad Jalal Assil (Chief Operating Officer & Co-Founder), and Batoul Zien Alabdin (Chief Executive Officer) • Hardware Instrumentation & Photonics Laboratory, CableHunt Networks Limited (London & Birmingham R&D Testbed, UK)
Abstract: Conventional field optical time-domain reflectometers (OTDRs) and entry-level digital storage oscilloscopes rely on 8-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) offering only 256 vertical quantisation steps. When characterising weak Rayleigh backscattering signals across 20 km single-mode optical links, 8-bit quantisation noise obscures sub-0.1 dB microbends and degrades event dead zones (EDZs). This monograph presents the design, signal-conditioning circuitry, and experimental validation of the CableHunt 12-Bit Native ADC Four-Channel Synchronous Reflectometer, combining 4,096 vertical quantisation levels (1.25 GSa/s, 25 Mpts), floating-ground galvanic isolation, and a 50-Ω matched InGaAs PIN-TIA front-end (1100–1700 nm) to achieve a +24.08 dB SQNR improvement (16× vertical resolution gain), a measured 0.75 m (<0.8 m) Event Dead Zone, and an 85% reduction in optoelectronic front-end cost.
01. CORE SCIENTIFIC THESIS
Proves mathematically and empirically that legacy 8-bit field OTDRs (limited to 256 vertical levels) are structurally blind to micro-bends and closely spaced patch-panel faults. Introduces CableHunt's native 12-bit ADC architecture (4,096 vertical levels) paired with a floating-ground DC isolation barrier and a 50-Ω matched InGaAs PIN-TIA photodetector.
02. SCIENTIFIC & METROLOGICAL UNIQUENESS
Overcomes the 256-level staircase noise floor of legacy 8-bit OTDRs by achieving a 16× finer voltage step (195.3 μV at 100 mV/div) and +24.08 dB SQNR improvement, while simultaneously cross-triggering on analog optical envelopes (CH1), I2C SCL/SDA frames (CH2/CH3), and hardware RX_LOS interrupts (CH4) with an Event Dead Zone of 0.75 m.
03. ENTERPRISE & CONSUMER VALUE
Slashes optical front-end hardware procurement cost by 85% (£85 PIN-TIA / £450 edge unit vs. £3,800–£5,200 legacy reflectometers) while enabling data centre engineers to distinguish closely spaced patch-panel connectors (<0.8 m apart) and detect early splice degradation weeks before customer-impacting outages occur.
▸ View BibTeX Citation Record for Monograph II
@article{Asseel2025Native12BitOTDR,
author = {Asseel, Saleem and Assil, Ahmad Jalal and Zien Alabdin, Batoul},
title = {Design and Experimental Characterization of a 12-Bit Native ADC Four-Channel Synchronous Optical Reflectometer with Floating-Ground InGaAs PIN-TIA Front-End},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement (TIM) / CableHunt Research Monographs},
year = {2025},
month = {feb},
url = {https://cablehunt.co.uk/papers/Paper2_IEEE_TIM_12Bit_Reflectometer.pdf}
}
MONOGRAPH III • IEEE/OPTICA JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY (JLT — APRIL 2025)
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CATEGORIES: physics.optics / eess.SP
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1G-to-40G (40× Capacity) • 1260–1675 nm L-BFGS-B • 80%–88% CapEx Saved
Adaptive Multi-Band Spectral Optimization (1260–1675 nm) for 1G-to-40G Capacity Multiplication Over Legacy G.652 Single-Mode Optical Links
Eng. Saleem Asseel (Lead Scientific Advisor & Systems Architect), Batoul Zien Alabdin (Chief Executive Officer), and Ahmad Jalal Assil (Chief Operating Officer & Co-Founder) • Photonics & Spectral Optimization Group, CableHunt Networks Limited (Mayfair, London & Birmingham Testbed, UK)
Abstract: Upgrading legacy brownfield 1 Gbps single-mode optical fibre links (ITU-T G.652.A/B/D) to 40 Gbps line rates traditionally requires costly civil engineering trenching (£120,000/km in urban UK deployments) due to severe hydroxyl (OH−) water-peak absorption around 1383 nm, chromatic dispersion (CD), macrobending losses, and Kerr nonlinearities. This monograph formulates and experimentally validates an Adaptive Multi-Band Spectral Optimization System spanning the entire 1260–1675 nm optical spectrum across the O, E, S, C, L, and U bands. Using quasi-Newton L-BFGS-B constrained nonlinear optimisation, the engine dynamically allocates wavelengths and launch powers to achieve non-intrusive 1G-to-40G capacity multiplication over degraded 25 km legacy G.652 spans, reducing infrastructure upgrade capital expenditure by 80%–88% without physical trenching.
01. CORE SCIENTIFIC THESIS
Solves the multi-billion-pound bottleneck of aged underground optical cables throttled at 1 Gbps due to hydroxyl water-peak absorption (E-band 1383 nm) and chromatic dispersion. Formulates a bounded non-linear spectral optimisation solver (L-BFGS-B) that dynamically routes 40 Gbps (4×10G CWDM/DWDM) across clean O, S, C, and L windows over the exact same legacy glass.
02. SCIENTIFIC & PHOTONIC UNIQUENESS
Converts high-resolution 12-bit backscatter profiles directly into a wavelength-dependent transfer function across 1260–1675 nm, bypassing the 1383 nm OH− water peak and bounding Kerr nonlinearities (SPM/XPM/FWM) while reserving the U-band (1625–1675 nm) for live out-of-band 12-bit reflectometry with superlinear convergence in <2.1 ms.
03. ENTERPRISE & CONSUMER VALUE
Delivers a 40× bandwidth upgrade (from 1G to 40G) on already-buried glass in hours rather than months, eliminating £70,000–£140,000/km in urban street excavation costs, preventing municipal road closures, and saving telecom operators and enterprise campuses 80%–88% in CapEx.
▸ View BibTeX Citation Record for Monograph III
@article{Asseel2025Spectral40GMultiplier,
author = {Asseel, Saleem and Zien Alabdin, Batoul and Assil, Ahmad Jalal},
title = {Adaptive Multi-Band Spectral Optimization (1260--1675 nm) for 1G-to-40G Capacity Multiplication Over Legacy G.652 Single-Mode Optical Links},
journal = {IEEE/Optica Journal of Lightwave Technology (JLT) / CableHunt Research Monographs},
year = {2025},
month = {apr},
url = {https://cablehunt.co.uk/papers/Paper3_IEEE_JLT_Spectral_40G_Multiplier.pdf}
}
